Defending the "Girl Effect"

This is a comment on a recent Chronicle of Philanthropy blog post about some recent criticism of the “girl effect.”

Sadly, Anna Carella misses the mark in her criticisms of the Nike’s “girl effect” campaign. How so?

1. The Nike campaign does not rely on a “view” that women are more nurturing than men; it relies on data — from Brazil to Cote d’Ivoire to Bangladesh– which show that additional income in the hands of women has a greater positive impact on child survival and nutrition than it does in the hands of men.

2. Ms. Carella dismisses the idea that women could drive agricultural production – but does she know that women and girls already produce more than half of the world’s food? Or that in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, they produce up to 80 percent of basic foodstuffs? What if women were better educated, could own property, had access to financial services and had more control over their income?

3. She also seems to doubt that women are “an unrealized economic force” or that investing in them could accelerate economic growth, on the grounds that women already make up a large share of developing country labor forces, yet development has stalled. But the issue is not simply how many women are working, but also how productive they are. Seventy percent of the world’s out-of-school youth are girls. Without education, how productive will they grow up to be? And even if an uneducated woman could get a job in the modern sector, how readily could she adopt the technological advancements on which Ms. Carella says development depends?

4. Would developing countries benefit from better governance? Absolutely, wouldn’t all countries? Would developing countries grow faster if they had better terms of trade with industrialized countries? Yes, by definition: a country’s GDP increases when its terms of trade improve (ceteris paribus). But neither observation subtracts from the economic bang to be achieved by educating and empowering adolescent girls.

5. Should development programs skip the focus on women lest they expose women to increased domestic violence? Oddly, the link Ms. Carella provides on this point sends the reader to an article which only reinforces several of the central messages of the “Girl Effect” campaign. It says: Multi-strategy interventions that promote equity between women and men, provide economic opportunities for women, inform them of their rights, reach out to men and change societal beliefs and attitudes that permit exploitative behavior are urgently required. Similarly, the New York Times article by Nicholas Kristof, to which she directs the reader, begins with the story of woman micro-entrepreneur in India whose husband only stopped beating her when she started a successful embroidery business and began earning an income.

Even a decade ago, the evidence was overwhelming that, as the World Bank put it in its 2000 Policy Research Report, Engendering Equality “…ignoring gender disparities comes at great cost– to people’s well-being and to countries’ abilities to grow sustainably, to govern effectively, and thus to reduce poverty.” Today, the issue is still considered important enough to be the subject of the World Bank’s forthcoming 2012 World Development Report.

What is fresh and different about the “Girl Effect” campaign is that it highlights a fact is all too often overlooked: the most effective time to educate and empower women is before they drop out of school, become pregnant before they are ready, contract HIV/AIDS and/or become irremediably discouraged by their life prospects– that is, when they are still girls! Though not mentioned in the video, the Nike Foundation is quietly investing in a variety of pilot projects to find the most effective ways of economically empowering adolescent girls. (In the interest of disclosure, these include a financially self-sufficient high school in Paraguay developed by the Fundación Paraguaya, which is transforming low-income, rural girls into “rural entrepreneurs” who the skills and attitudes needed to overcome poverty.)

Of course, the “girl issue” is not only about economics – it’s also about social justice: should some people have fewer rights and opportunities because they were born of the “wrong” gender? However, if takes some catchy videos that shine media attention on the economic benefits of educating and empowering girls to wake people up to the importance of this issue, then Nike and its “Girl Effect” campaign have done the world a tremendous service. Hopefully, more and more people will “get” it.

Martin Burt, Executive Director, Fundacion Paraguaya

Submit your questions now for Conversations with America: U.S. Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons

From: PublicOutreach [mailto:PublicOutreach@state.gov]
Sent: Friday, February 04, 2011 2:32 PM
Subject: Submit your questions now for Conversations with America: U.S. Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons

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Conversations with America

U.S. Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons

On Tuesday, February 8, 2011, Luis CdeBaca, Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons will hold a conversation with Wade Henderson, President and CEO of The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, on U.S. efforts to combat human trafficking.  The discussion will be moderated by Cheryl Benton, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Public Affairs.  The event will be streamed live on DipNote, the Department of State’s official blog, at 3:30 p.m. ET.  Members of the general public are invited to participate by submitting questions, some of which will be selected for response during the live broadcast. 

Submit your questions now on DipNote, the Department’s blog!

This is the ninth in the Conversations with America video series coordinated by the Bureau of Public Affairs, in which the State Department's senior leadership hosts conversations live, online, with leaders of prominent non-governmental organizations.  Discussion topics include foreign policy and global issues and provide a candid view of how leaders from civil society engage the Department on pressing foreign policy issues.

View the text and video from other Conversations with America by following the links below:

Conversations with America: Haiti in 2011: The Way Forward (January 10, 2011)

Conversations with America: Leading Through Civilian Power: The First QDDR (January 6, 2011)

Conversations with America: The Millennium Development Goals (September 16, 2010)

Conversations with America: A Discussion on PEPFAR (August 10, 2010)

Conversations with America: A Discussion on the NEW START Treaty (July 29, 2010)

Conversations with America: U.S. Engagement with Muslim Communities (July 9, 2010)

Conversations with America: The U.S.-India Strategic Dialogue (June 8, 2010)

Conversations with America: A Discussion on Afghanistan and Pakistan (April 19, 2010)

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[undp-washington] Lunch Discussion Invitation: "Building Better: Gender & Human Development in Asia"

From: Sarah Jackson-Han [mailto:sarah.jackson-han@undp.org]
Sent: Wednesday, February 02, 2011 7:11 PM
To: Joyce Warner
Subject: [undp-washington] Lunch Discussion Invitation: "Building Better: Gender & Human Development in Asia"

The UN Development Programme (UNDP) & Asia Society Washington Center invite you to a rescheduled lunch discussion

"Building Better: Gender & Human Development in Asia"

with

Ajay Chhibber

UN Assistant Secretary-General & Director, UNDP Regional Bureau for Asia & the Pacific 

Jeni Klugman

 Director & Lead Author, UNDP Human Development Report (HDR) Office

Ingrid-Gabriela Hoven

Executive Director for Germany, the World Bank

 

Moderator: Frederick S. Tipson, Director, UNDP/Washington

 

Friday, February 11, 2011
12:00 - 2:00 pm
Asia Society Washington

1526 New Hampshire Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20036

Seating is limited.

On its 20th anniversary, the United Nations Development Programme’s annual Human Development Report (HDR) finds that Asia has progressed fastest in terms of human well-being since 1970, with China, Indonesia, South Korea, Laos, and Nepal surging ahead. But its new Gender Inequality Index shows South Asia in particular trailing behind on the critical measure of gender equality. An Asia-specific HDR also highlights women’s economic, legal, and political rights and how they impact human development in the region.  HDR lead author Jeni Klugman, UN Assistant Secretary-General and UNDP Director for Asia & the Pacific Ajay Chhibber, and World Bank Executive Director for Germany Ingrid-Gabriela Hoven will discuss how Asia is both leading and lagging in the work of building better lives for its people.

Ajay Chhibber was named in 2008 to the post of Assistant Secretary-General, Assistant Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme and Director of UNDP's Regional Bureau for Asia & the Pacific. The Bureau is responsible for managing UNDP’s programs in the Asia-Pacific region. He is also ex officio Chair of the United Nations Development Group for Asia-Pacific, which coordinates the work of all UN agencies. Mr. Chhibber previously served at the World Bank for more than 25 years covering operations, research, and policy issues, and has worked across Asia and as Director in Turkey and Vietnam. He was the lead author of the seminal work on Governance at the World Bank and the 1997 World Development Report on the Role of the State. He has published widely including five books on economic development. He has a PhD from Stanford University and a MA from the Delhi School of Economics. He has also taught economics at Georgetown University and the University of Delhi.

Jeni Klugman currently serves as Director of the UNDP Human Development Report Office. Ms. Klugman previously had a diverse career at the World Bank where she has worked from 1992 as an economist, focusing in particular on Africa, Europe, and Asia. She served there notably as Lead Economist for Ethiopia & Sudan and for the Poverty Group, where she was closely involved in the conceptualization and launch of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme approach. She holds a PhD in Economics from the Australian National University. She holds an M.Sc. in Development Economics, as well as a graduate law degree, from Oxford University.

Ingrid-Gabriela Hoven was appointed Executive Director for Germany at the World Bank in 2010. She previously served as Director General in the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), responsible for bilateral development policy and cooperation, United Nations development programmes, crisis prevention, peace-building, human rights, good governance, and bilateral cooperation with Asia and Latin America. She previously directed BMZ’s Environment Division.

This event is sponsored by UNDP, the United Nations global development organization, on the ground in 166 countries and focused on democratic and effective governance, crisis prevention & recovery, climate change & energy, and reducing poverty. It launches the Asia Society's "Women and Development in Asia Series" sponsored by LEO A DALY, an international architecture, planning, engineering, interior design, and program management firm whose founder has served the Asia Society both as Trustee and as Chairman of its Washington Center.

 

 

 

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Come join me on The Women Waging Peace Network

The Institute for Inclusive Security
Troy Johnson
just pointing out this network on women and and conflict resolution through Hunt Alternatives, if you haven't seen it yet.
Members on The Women Waging Peace Network:
Brenda Opperm… Brenda Oppermann Mawahib Moham… Mawahib Mohamed Ahmed Elhag Upper Nile Wo… Upper Nile Women Welfar Associtn Molly Mayfiel… Molly Mayfield Barbee Gayatri Pal Gayatri Pal
About The Women Waging Peace Network
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Define Gender Gap? Look Up Wikipedia's Contributor List

January 30, 2011

Define Gender Gap? Look Up Wikipedia’s Contributor List

By NOAM COHEN

In 10 short years, Wikipedia has accomplished some remarkable goals. More than 3.5 million articles in English? Done. More than 250 languages? Sure.

But another number has proved to be an intractable obstacle for the online encyclopedia: surveys suggest that less than 15 percent of its hundreds of thousands of contributors are women.

About a year ago, the Wikimedia Foundation, the organization that runs Wikipedia, collaborated on a study of Wikipedia’s contributor base and discovered that it was barely 13 percent women; the average age of a contributor was in the mid-20s, according to the study by a joint center of the United Nations University and Maastricht University.

Sue Gardner, the executive director of the foundation, has set a goal to raise the share of female contributors to 25 percent by 2015, but she is running up against the traditions of the computer world and an obsessive fact-loving realm that is dominated by men and, some say, uncomfortable for women.

Her effort is not diversity for diversity’s sake, she says. “This is about wanting to ensure that the encyclopedia is as good as it could be,” Ms. Gardner said in an interview on Thursday. “The difference between Wikipedia and other editorially created products is that Wikipedians are not professionals, they are only asked to bring what they know.”

“Everyone brings their crumb of information to the table,” she said. “If they are not at the table, we don’t benefit from their crumb.”

With so many subjects represented — most everything has an article on Wikipedia — the gender disparity often shows up in terms of emphasis. A topic generally restricted to teenage girls, like friendship bracelets, can seem short at four paragraphs when compared with lengthy articles on something boys might favor, like, toy soldiers or baseball cards, whose voluminous entry includes a detailed chronological history of the subject.

Even the most famous fashion designers — Manolo Blahnik or Jimmy Choo — get but a handful of paragraphs. And consider the disparity between two popular series on HBO: The entry on “Sex and the City” includes only a brief summary of every episode, sometimes two or three sentences; the one on “The Sopranos” includes lengthy, detailed articles on each episode.

Is a category with five Mexican feminist writers impressive, or embarrassing when compared with the 45 articles on characters in “The Simpsons”?

The notion that a collaborative, written project open to all is so skewed to men may be surprising. After all, there is no male-dominated executive team favoring men over women, as there can be in the corporate world; Wikipedia is not a software project, but more a writing experiment — an “exquisite corpse,” or game where each player adds to a larger work.

But because of its early contributors Wikipedia shares many characteristics with the hard-driving hacker crowd, says Joseph Reagle, a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard. This includes an ideology that resists any efforts to impose rules or even goals like diversity, as well as a culture that may discourage women.

“It is ironic,” he said, “because I like these things — freedom, openness, egalitarian ideas — but I think to some extent they are compounding and hiding problems you might find in the real world.”

Adopting openness means being “open to very difficult, high-conflict people, even misogynists,” he said, “so you have to have a huge argument about whether there is the problem.” Mr. Reagle is also the author of “Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia.”

Ms. Gardner, citing an example that resonates with her personally, pointed to the Wikipedia entry for one of her favorite authors, Pat Barker, which was a mere three paragraphs when she came across it. Ms. Barker is an acclaimed writer of psychologically nuanced novels, many set during World War I. She is 67 and lives in England.

By contrast, Niko Bellic had an article about five times as long as Ms. Barker’s at the time. It’s a question of demographics: Mr. Bellic is a character in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV; he is 30 and a former soldier.

The public is increasingly going to Wikipedia as a research source: According to a recent Pew survey, the percentage of all American adults who use the site to look for information increased to 42 percent in May 2010, from 25 percent in February 2007. This translates to 53 percent of adults who regularly use the Internet.

Jane Margolis, co-author of a book on sexism in computer science, “Unlocking the Clubhouse,” argues that Wikipedia is experiencing the same problems of the offline world, where women are less willing to assert their opinions in public. “In almost every space, who are the authorities, the politicians, writers for op-ed pages?” said Ms. Margolis, a senior researcher at the Institute for Democracy, Education and Access at the University of California, Los Angeles.

According to the OpEd Project, an organization based in New York that monitors the gender breakdown of contributors to “public thought-leadership forums,” a participation rate of roughly 85-to-15 percent, men to women, is common — whether members of Congress, or writers on The New York Times and Washington Post Op-Ed pages.

It would seem to be an irony that Wikipedia, where the amateur contributor is celebrated, is experiencing the same problem as forums that require expertise. But Catherine Orenstein, the founder and director of the OpEd Project, said many women lacked the confidence to put forth their views. “When you are a minority voice, you begin to doubt your own competencies,” she said.

She said her group had persuaded women to express themselves by urging them to shift the focus “away from oneself — ‘do I know enough, am I bragging?’ — and turn the focus outward, thinking about the value of your knowledge.”

Ms. Margolis said she was an advocate of recruiting women as a group to fields or forums where they are under-represented. That way, a solitary woman does not face the burden alone.

Ms. Gardner said that for now she was trying to use subtle persuasion and outreach through her foundation to welcome all newcomers to Wikipedia, rather than advocate for women-specific remedies like recruitment or quotas.

“Gender is a huge hot-button issue for lots of people who feel strongly about it,” she said. “I am not interested in triggering those strong feelings.”

Kat Walsh, a policy analyst and longtime Wikipedia contributor who was elected to the Wikimedia board, agreed that indirect initiatives would cause less unease in the Wikipedia community than more overt efforts.

But she acknowledged the hurdles: “The big problem is that the current Wikipedia community is what came about by letting things develop naturally — trying to influence it in another direction is no longer the easiest path, and requires conscious effort to change.”

Sometimes, conscious effort works. After seeing the short entry on Ms. Barker, Ms. Gardner added a substantial amount of background. During the same time, Niko Bellic’s page has grown by only a few sentences.

A version of this article appeared in print on January 31, 2011, on page A1 of the New York edition.

A Guide to Increasing Women’s Political Participation

January 26, 2011

Dear Friends and Colleagues:

We are proud to share with you a new publication from the National Democratic Institute (NDI).  Democracy and the Challenge of Change: A Guide to Increasing Women’s Political Participation was created to be used by NDI staff and other practitioners to develop, implement, monitor and eval­uate women’s political participation programs across a variety of technical areas. With separate chapters on Citizen Participation, Elections and Electoral Processes, Political Parties and Governance, the guide pro­vides a rationale for focusing on increasing women’s par­ticipation in each technical area, as well as program­matic frameworks, examples of best practices and case studies, and strategies to be used throughout the lifecy­cle of a program or project.

Women's Participation Cover

 

NDI believes that the equitable participation of wom­en in politics and government is essential to build and sustain democracy. Despite comprising over 50 percent of the world’s population, women continue to be un­der-represented as voters, political leaders and elected officials. The publication of Democracy and the Challenge of Change: A Guide to Increasing Women’s Political Participation is a culmination of nearly 25 years of work by NDI staff and volunteers helping to integrate and advance women’s participation in the key functional areas of citizen participation, elections, political parties and governance.

The publication is currently available free for download in English, and will also be available in Spanish and French in the coming weeks at: 
http://www.ndi.org/Democracy_and_the_Challenge_of_Change.

Later this year, NDI will convene a conference to discuss the strategies and case studies included in the Guide.  For additional information about the conference, or NDI’s programs to promote and support women in politics, please do not hesitate to contact us at winwithwomen@ndi.org.

 

Sincerely,

Susan A. Markham
Director, Women’s Political Participation
                                                                                  

New Anti-Trafficking Website

From: Ruth Rosenberg [mailto:ruthrosenberg@stoptrafficking.net]
Sent: Monday, January 24, 2011 7:32 AM
To: Ruth Rosenberg
Subject: New Anti-Trafficking Website

Dear Colleagues and Friends:

 

I would like to take a moment to inform you about a new website and blog that I have recently launched.  It contains information about consulting services for human trafficking projects as well as publications and articles on human trafficking issues. I hope you find it useful. I will be adding to it regularly and welcome your comments and input for improving and expanding it.  

 

 

Please feel free to share this email with anyone you think might be interested. Please also feel free to link to the website from your own website or blog.

 

Warm Regards,

 

Ruth

 

Check out "Call for Applicants- Week-long course Sexuality, Gender and Rights Institute in Turkey in June" on Peace and Collaborative Development Network

From: Craig Zelizer [mailto:share@internationalpeaceandconflict.org]
Sent: Thursday, January 20, 2011 9:11 PM
To: Nicole Mechem
Subject: Check out "Call for Applicants- Week-long course Sexuality, Gender and Rights Institute in Turkey in June" on Peace and Collaborative Development Network

Building Bridges, Networks and Expertise Across Sectors

Craig Zelizer

Craig Zelizer

Check out the discussion 'Call for Applicants- Week-long course Sexuality, Gender and Rights Institute in Turkey in June'

Discussion posted by Tierney Anderson:


Call for Applications: CREA's 5th Sexuality, Gender and Rights Institute: Exploring Theory and Practice CREA’s Sexuality, Gender and Rights...

Discussion link:

Call for Applicants- Week-long course Sexuality, Gender and Rights Institute in Turkey in June

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Stemming girls' chronic poverty

The report seeks to address the overlooked dimensions of gender poverty traps by highlighting ways social institutions inform and determine life opportunities for girls and young women. A good resource and worth a read. There is a section on cash transfers and on girls scholarships.

Katherine Evans

Director, Civil Society Division

IREX

2121 K St. NW, Suite 700 | Washington, DC 20037|(202-628-8188 x105 |* kevans@irex.org |

Image001
 kathy.w.evans |www.irex.org

Click here to download:
Stemming girls poverty.pdf (8.52 MB)
(download)

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Jan. 27 - Gender and Development in Asia Discussion

From: Asia Society Washington [mailto:asw4=asiasociety.org@mcsv132.net] On Behalf Of Asia Society Washington
Sent: Thursday, January 20, 2011 3:38 PM
To: Kathy Evans
Subject: Jan. 27 - Gender and Development in Asia Discussion

To ensure that you are receiving our emails, please add AsiaDC@Asiasociety.org to your contacts list.
Email not displaying correctly? View it in your browser.

Date
Thursday
January 27th
12:00 to 2:00 pm

Location
Asia Society Washington
The Cinnabar Room
Whittemore House, 2nd Flr.
1526 New Hampshire Ave, NW
Washington, D.C. 20036

Directions
Metro access: Dupont Circle
(Red Line)
Google Map

Tickets & RSVP
Free Admission but RSVP's are required by 12 pm on January 26th.  Click on "buy tickets now" to RSVP.

Speakers
Ajay Chhibber
Assistant Secretary-General and Director, Regional Bureau for Asia & the Pacific, United Nations Development Programme

Jeni Klugman
Director, Human Development Report Office, United Nations Development Programme

Ingrid-Gabriela Hoven
Executive Director for Germany, World Bank 

  Moderator
Fred Tipson
Director, UNDP Washington Office

More Information
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Fax: 202-833-0189
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Women and Development in Asia Series
 


Building Better:
Gender & Human Development in Asia
 


A Luncheon DiscussionAsia Society Washington 

Young Girls Prepare for Exams in Afghanistan
(UN Photo, 14 November 2007, Bamyan, Afghanistan)

 
 

On its 20th anniversary, United Nations Development Programme’s annual Human Development Report (HDR) finds that Asia has progressed fastest in terms of human well-being since 1970, with China, Indonesia, South Korea, Laos, and Nepal surging ahead. But its new Gender Inequality Index shows South Asia in particular trailing behind on the critical measure of gender equality.  An Asia-specific HDR also highlights women’s economic, legal, and political rights and how they impact human development in the region.  HDR lead author Jeni Klugman, UN Assistant Secretary-General and UNDP Director for Asia & the Pacific Ajay Chhibber, and World Bank Executive Director for Germany Ingrid-Gabriela Hoven will discuss how Asia is both leading and lagging in the work of building better lives for its people.


Ajay Chhibber was named in April 2008 to the post of Assistant Secretary-General, Assistant Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme and Director of UNDP's Regional Bureau for Asia & the Pacific.  The Bureau is responsible for managing UNDP’s programs in the Asia-Pacific region. He is also ex-officio Chair of the United Nations Development Group for Asia-Pacific, which coordinates the work of all UN agencies.  Mr. Chhibber previously served at the World Bank for more than 25 years covering operations, research, and policy issues, and has worked across Asia and as Director in Turkey and Vietnam.  He was the lead author of the seminal work on Governance at the World Bank and the 1997 World Development Report on the Role of the State.  He has published widely including five books on economic development. He has a PhD from Stanford University and a MA from the Delhi School of Economics.  He has also taught economics at Georgetown University and the University of Delhi.

Jeni Klugman currently serves as Director of the UNDP Human Development Report Office.  Ms. Klugman previously had a diverse career at the World Bank where she has worked from 1992 as an economist, focusing in particular on Africa, Europe, and Asia.  She served there notably as Lead Economist for Ethiopia & Sudan and for the Poverty Group, where she was closely involved in the conceptualization and launch of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme approach.  She holds a PhD in Economics from the Australian National University.  She holds an M.Sc. in Development Economics, as well as a graduate law degree, from Oxford University.

Ingrid-Gabriela Hoven was appointed World Bank Executive Director for Germany in 2010. She previously served as Director General in the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), responsible for bilateral development policy and cooperation, United Nations development programmes, crisis prevention, peace-building, human rights, good governance, and bilateral cooperation with Asia and Latin America.  She previously directed BMZ’s Environment Division.

This is the launch event for Asia Society's "Women and Development in Asia Series" sponsored by LEO A DALY.  This event is also supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

 

LEO A DALY

             


 


Copyright (c) 2010 Asia Society. All Rights Reserved.

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